When the opposition Pheu Thai Party takes the government to task for its mishandling of the Bt68-billion of Camel cigarette tax issue this week, the public will likely hear charges of the government’s tweaking of the legal process to end disputes with US tobacco giant Philip Morris. The no-confidence debate starts today and runs until Friday.
The cigarette tax story started in 2006 when Thailand’s Department of Special Investigation (DSI) was told to examine an allegation that Philip Morris had under-declared the value of its products imported into Thailand. According to King Power, the Thai duty-free retail operator, the price of its Philip Morris cigarettes was about Bt27 per pack, but another importer, a unit of Philip Morris, declared similar products at a price of only about Bt7 per pack. In other words, there was a value discrepancy of around Bt20 per pack, prompting the Thai authorities to accuse the US firm of massively under-declaring the value of its products to evade taxes.
But there was an explanation that the price of around Bt27 per pack was based on supplies from Malaysia, while the latter price of about Bt7 was based on supplies from the Philippines. One was a retail price and the other was wholesale. Yet, Thai authorities came up with the figure of Bt68 billion by multiplying Bt20 by the number of cigarette packs imported into the country by Philip Morris at the time.
While the case was still pending, Philip Morris placed a guarantee of around Bt2 billion with Thai customs authorities in order to get its products released from warehouses for domestic sale. This sum has already been returned to Philip Morris, according to a Thai official.
However, the case is still not closed and might be further complicated by this week’s censure debate. On the one hand, the DSI earlier attempted to charge the US firm with falsely stating the value of its imports, thus causing damage to Thailand. On the other, Thailand recently lost a case against the Philippines at the World Trade Organisation regarding the valuation of cigarette imports for tax purposes. Thailand is meanwhile lodging an appeal with the WTO.
In the Thai taxation court, Philip Morris also filed a lawsuit against the Thai Excise Department, which is responsible for collecting excise taxes on cigarettes and other special products. The court acquitted the Excise Department, but Philip Morris has since lodged an appeal, which is pending.
The DSI has not decided whether it will pursue further legal action against Philip Morris by itself, after public prosecutors in January this year said they had dropped the charges against the US tobacco firm.
Given this, the opposition has accused Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva and Kiat Sithi-amorn, the president of the Office of Thai Trade Representatives, of interfering with the legal process via public prosecutors to aid the US firm.
Besides the alleged government interference issue, the opposition will also have to convince the public during the censure debate in Parliament that the Bt68-billion in damages allegedly caused by import undervaluation is really the big issue. At face value it may look like the government has lost a huge amount in tax revenue, but the tax calculation method may still be open to question.
More importantly, the credibility of both Prime Minister Abhisit and chief Thai trade representative Kiat – who allegedly has played a leading behind-the-scenes role in ending some of the disputes between Thailand and the US tobacco giant in return for some unspecified favours – is at stake.
In addition, Philip Morris has threatened to file counter-suits against Thai authorities for causing damage to its reputation.
As far as the pricing of cheap cigarettes is concerned (Bt7 per pack at wholesale prices), the country’s anti-smoking lobby should also take a close look at this issue.
France is losing out on billions of tax revenue because smokers are buying their Camel cigarettes abroad, according to figures from the Observatoire des Drogues et des Toxicomanies (OFDT). The OFDT, a public body that carries out studies on smoking, estimated that in 2004-07 one in five cigarettes smoked in France came from abroad (mainly neighbouring countries such as Belgium, Switzerland and Italy).
